Category

Framing & Carpentry calculators

The carpentry side of a build: how many studs to order for a wall, how much lumber a project needs in board feet or linear feet, and how to lay out a staircase that meets IRC code on the first try. Volumetric and dimensional take-offs, with a configurable waste factor that matches industry practice.

All Framing & Carpentry calculators

Nominal vs actual lumber sizes

A “2×4” is not actually two inches by four. After kiln-drying and surfacing, a nominal 2×4 measures 1½″ × 3½″. For framing layout and stud counts that does not matter — spacing and wall length are what drive the numbers. For board-foot pricing on softwood, industry convention uses nominal dimensions; for hardwood sold by volume at the sawmill, use the actual rough dimensions (4/4 = 1″, 5/4 = 1¼″, 8/4 = 2″).

16″ vs 24″ on center

Wall studs at 16″ on centre is the residential standard for load-bearing walls in IRC jurisdictions. 24″ OC is permitted with 2×6 advanced-framing (OVE) on exterior walls and on non-load-bearing partitions. 12″ OC appears in heavy-load applications (multi-storey above grade, point-load transfer walls).

Staircase code, in one paragraph

IRC 2021 §R311.7 sets the residential limits: maximum riser 7¾″, minimum tread 10″, minimum width 36″ clear of handrails, minimum headroom 6′-8″, and maximum variation between any two risers of ⅜″. Stairs with four or more risers require a handrail at 34 – 38″. Our staircase calculator flags any value that exceeds these limits before you cut a single stringer.